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Re:Microsoft disables Spectre mitigations as Intel’s patches... by pjc50 on Monday January 29, 2018 @04:51AM (#16256502)
Windows executables are opened with mandatory exclusive locking. So you can't overwrite a program or its DLLs while any instances of it are running. If a DLL is widely used, that makes it essentially impossible to update while the system is in use.

There is a registry key which allows an update to schedule a set of rename operations on boot to drop in replacement file(s). https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/brad_rutkowski/2007/06/2...

Re:Microsoft disables Spectre mitigations as Intel’s patches... by mehrdadn on Monday January 29, 2018 @04:52AM (#16256507)
> Windows executables are opened with mandatory exclusive locking. So you can't overwrite a program or its DLLs while any instances of it are running.

This is not always correct; see: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16256483