All of those can be used to do the same thing -- just with a smaller powered current, and/or slower speed.
Just don't buy crappy cables:
https://www.theverge.com/2016/2/4/10916264/usb-c-russian-rou...
Just buy high-end USB-C cables from a reputable vendor and you are set. As long as some product (e.g. a printer or hard drive) comes with a specific USB-C cable, use it with that, and it will be good for it. End of story.
As far as I can tell, the advice should probably actually be "Buy high end Thunderbolt 3 cables from a reputable vendor."
Or the fact that's very easy to just buy another one for data/video etc?
I guess the standard could do with some color coding, but it's not like its the end of the world. Or worth it to have N different connector technologies just so we can differentiate what does what.
But why in the world don't they also sell an Apple-branded Thunderbolt 3 cable?
https://arstechnica.com/video/2016/11/the-2016-13-and-15-inc...
No, instead you have two, with differing capabilities but the same form factor. And you have way more than 5 different cable types, each capable of different things, again, with the same form factor.
I'm not yet convinced this is an improvement.