A large chocolate shake from mcdonalds is 850 kcal. By your estimate, this is is 51 minutes of work to burn off. Possible, yes. Useful if you need the calories to run 240 miles, yes. Easier than not having the shake in the first place, no.
Michael Phelps ate an enormous amount of food too for his training too, and he trained very hard. I sincerely doubt him or Courtney devour that many calories when not in training or trying to run for five plus days straight.
Short term gorging yourself for fuel is sometimes necessary, but it's dishonest to propose that means a diet of nachos, candy and beer is somehow healthy. If everyone was doing the MOAB all the time that's a different story.
I run pretty frequently (nothing like a ultra competition like that, though) and I can consistently eat ~3kcal a day and not gain a pound, even when maybe 1/3 to 1/2 of those days don't involve training.
To be fair, I'm still young, and probably have a genetic predisposition to burning a lot of calories, but I still think it's fair to say that consistent training results in a generally higher caloric intake even when not training.
"Like it or not, running makes for a really great cardio workout: Maintain a six-mile per hour pace, and you'll burn upwards of 557* calories in one hour! And even if running that fast for that long seems like a bit of a stretch, you can still burn an impressive 398 calories per hour by jogging."
Check runners world or a calculator of your choice.
https://www.runnersworld.com/tools/calories-burned-calculato...
http://trailrunnermag.com/people/news/courtney-dauwalter-win...
I gather this was the first year for this event, so the other racers may have been more conservative in that regard.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8DfjXnIk6c
A single hour on the treadmill will burn over 1,000 kcal for most somewhat fit people. It also increases their insulin sensitivity. The truth is most westerners and especially Americans are far too sedentary.