Another important point to appreciate is that eigenvalues and eigenvectors frequently require complex numbers. For example the eigenvalues of [[0 1] [-1 0]] are i and -i. This geometrically correlates with some kind of "rotation".
[edit: the rest of my original comment was not correct]
If an eigenvalue is unique, the corresponding eigenvectors are on a line. If it appears twice, the corresponding eigenvectors are [edit: could be] on a plane. In general, they span [edit: could span] a subspace of dimension equal to the multiplicity.
The generalized eigenvectors are on a plane.
The case where the eigenvectors do not span the space corresponds to matrices whose Jordan normal form has upper triangular bits.
I would consider rephrasing the article as you do in the above comment, "when you find an eigenvector for one eigenvalue, then you can construct infinite number of eigenvectors by scaling that one".