hunter2 is the password manager I wrote for this: https://chiselapp.com/user/rkeene/repository/hunter2/
Now I use a hardware token (yubikey) to store my PGP key so I can use a relatively weak PIN code on it (since you need to have physical access to the device to use it and you only have 3 attempts before it locks up). It's a pretty good quality of life improvement.
Then you better don't use it when you're fatigued or drunk. I nearly locked my SIM card once by not realizing until the third attempt that my phone was asking for the SIM card PIN rather than my lockscreen PIN.
Well, unless I'm silly enough to try and bruteforce that PIN as well, after 3 failures I'd be left with an expensive piece of plastic... Fortunately I'm rarely that drunk.
EDIT: Actually as the sibling comment points out you can still reset the token even if you mess up the admin PIN. So at least you won't "brick" your token completely.
As XKCD famously pointed out[0], Diceware[1]-style pass phrases can be both secure and memorable. XKCD's four word example isn't secure when fast brute-force attacks are feasible, but eight words is still easily memorable and secure enough for anything. The important point here is that "random words" really does mean "random", i.e. not picked by a human.
Diceware, 6 words 2.2 x 10^23
Diceware, 5 words 2.8 x 10^19
Diceware, 4 words 3.6 x 10^15
a-zA-Z0-9, symbols, 10 4.3 x 10^19
a-zA-Z0-9, 10char 8.4 x 10^17
a-zA-Z0-9, 8char 2.2 x 10^15
Diceware, 6 words 77 bits
Diceware, 5 words 64 bits
Diceware, 4 words 51 bits
a-zA-Z0-9, symbols, 10 65 bits
a-zA-Z0-9, 10char 59 bits
a-zA-Z0-9, 8char 50 bits
It's highly amusing when a site tells me that such a password is insufficiently complex, given that it will never in the lifetime of the universe be guessed.
The entropy calculations are probably generous. The wordlist isn't as long as it looks, because some of the words are strange and people tend to re-roll if they get something like that. It's probably better to assume there's only 1000-2000 "words" people will safely combine.
Also, the combinations list assumes that the attacker knows the method/word-list used to generate the password, which may not be foreknowledge the attacker has access to, especially in cases of giant many account password brute forcing attacks.
Just because your passphrase may essentially be a PIN look up into a lookup table doesn't mean the attacker knows that or has access to the same lookup table.
You can also add additional entropy via punctuation or casing.
The point to a random passphrase is to try to avoid "human" mistakes like over favoring a subset of words, and rerolling words you don't like potentially makes your collection of passphrases more susceptible to analysis or social engineering (word association) attacks.
Like I said, it's generally better to pick a word-list you are comfortable with all the possible words than to subset a word-list you aren't entirely comfortable with.
The goal of something like Diceware is to be easy for humans to memorize but also still true random (see: xkcd's battery horse comic). If you don't need to memorize it, then yes, why not entirely generate a random sequence of letters/numbers/symbols/emoji.
> Distributed_By: WalgreenCo. 200 Wilmont Rd.
And it would both be very strong, and be difficult for someone at my desk to guess by looking at things on my desk.
- If it's a website I couldn't care about, I use a simple password, probably a remnant from growing up.
- If it's a website I'm concerned about but knowingly won't use, I create a random password and clipboard it during initial creation/login, then every time I use the website I reset it (lazy man's password generator)
- If it's a website that I care about, like HN, I have a loose pattern that I follow that includes symbols and numbers (that's the 30ish character I was referencing). Every website is unique.
- Financial accounts have their own set of rules (unless it's stupid and has, say, an 8 character limit)
- My main email accounts get special treatment with an exceptionally long password.
- Use two-factor authentication wherever possible.
And yes, I could replace this with:
- Password manager
- Two-factor authentication
E: grammar.
For instance, if I needed a new strong password, I could use, "This#jar#once#held#1111#M&Ms,#but#now#it#is#empty."
The only thing I need to remember there is the story of the jar and the padding character I used in place of spaces. If I really had to, I could put "#" on a sticky note under the jar. But of course, I can't use that password now. So I might instead use "I(used(this(jar(as(an(example(on(HN." But now I can't use that one, either. So maybe I use "These!blinds!are!very!dusty.!!Someone!should!clean!them." or "My^dog^once^killed^a^dozen^baby^rabbits^in^the^tall^grass^I^didn't^want^to^mow." or "MyFgreatFauntsFhadFreallyFlongFhair."
I get really irritated when sites tell me I have to include numbers, uppercase, lowercase, and symbols in the same password. I get especially irritated when they put an upper limit on the number of characters, or ban certain characters from appearing in the password.
But everyone has their own tricks for remembering things.
And I certainly don't make the effort for sites that I don't consider to be important. Those as often as not just get reset via e-mail whenever I forget my password.
Use a password manager. KeepassX is free, cross-platform, works on phones, does all that work for you, secures even your least-valuable accounts, does things right, doesn't store your passwords "in the cloud" and you'll get to keep applying your scheme to your master password.
Why would anyone do that, when those digits can so easily be calculated or referenced from data files? Why do anything that is not strictly necessary? Why try to bench press more weight than last time? Why try to improve your chess game? Why learn a new programming language?
Because different people like different things. I am not required to like the things you like.
And I like proving to myself that I still can remember things without a helper daemon to keep track of them for me. I like that little bit of paranoid fantasy I have that makes me think that the men in black suits would have to take the pipe wrench to my kneecaps to get at my passwords, so I don't think about how the security at all these sites requiring password is so piss-poor that it would be easier to bypass all passwords in lieu of cracking just one of mine. In the end, the problem mentioned by the article is that very few people implementing computer security measures have any idea how to truly secure their data, so they do stupid shit like block clipboard pasting into password entry fields, or allow accounts to be hijacked by a spoofed SMS 2nd factor, or try to roll their own crypto without the requisite number of CS and math PhDs.
Probably the best argument against spaces is the attack that listens to the sounds of your keyboard with a microphone as you type. As the space bar is a larger key, it sounds a distinctively lower note as you type, and would give even an unsophisticated attacker the means to determine the word lengths in your passphrase, which might reduce its entropy to something guessable within the lifespan of the universe.
Probably not a concern unless you might be targeted by someone with government-level resources.
The argument I am making is that your average passphrase — yes, including "correct horse battery staple" — could be cracked a trillion times over before a password generated via 1Password would be!
If you're using about 8000 words, randomly chosen, then a 4 word passphrase is about the same as an 8 character random password. (And in fact, for 8k words, it's basically a direct substitution between 2 characters and 1 word.)
For most intents and purposes, 8-10 characters is fine, and 20 characters is enough to use as a cryptographic key. Similarly, 4-5 words is fine for most uses, and 10 words is enough to use as a cryptographic key.
So I'm not sure what you think isn't effective about passphrases -- they're just using a 2^13 sized alphabet instead of a 2^6.5 one, but either is capable of being used to write down a random string of bits.
if you can remember your password, its probably too weak