Thakur knew the drugs weren’t good. They had high impurities, degraded easily, and would be useless at best in hot, humid conditions. They would be taken by the world’s poorest patients in sub-Saharan Africa, who had almost no medical infrastructure and no recourse for complaints. The injustice made him livid. Ranbaxy executives didn’t care, says Kathy Spreen, and made little effort to conceal it. In a conference call with a dozen company executives, one brushed aside her fears about the quality of the AIDS medicine Ranbaxy was supplying for Africa. “Who cares?” he said, according to Spreen. “It’s just blacks dying.”[1]
[1]http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2013/05/17/a_l...
Everyone loves to hate on the FDA until there's a compounding pharmacy that really messes up. A couple of years ago there was one that distributed some medication for injection that had a fungal contaminant, and there were several dozens of fatalities. You'd ask yourself what would happen without adult supervision.
This is the full story: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Compounding_Center...
Pay-to-delay is a big one. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/media-resources/mergers-comp...
This isn't comparative advantage, especially since we're often times talking about reimporting drugs (both brand-name and generics) that were manufactured in the US, but sold abroad for cheaper prices. The article doesn't make that very clear, and I wish it did, because it's an important distinction.
But your point is spot on - from a free market standpoint, this is a no-brainer. There is literally no reason to prevent US patients from buying drugs that were manufactured in the US from Canadian or European wholesalers. Except, of course, that this is a massive source of profit for pharmaceutical companies.
Or, guarantee single payer and become a monopsony, thus combating the monopoly effects with an opposite market force.
See the vet, get fenbendazole for huge dogs.