They were distinct concepts, my great grandfather had both [1], so maybe in those other languages they didn't overlap in use like they did in America. For timing I found them in his address book he brought to France in WW1.

1. https://imgur.com/gallery/GNdcj

"Visitenkarte" in German (for both today's business card and the old style calling card).

I like this one: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Visiting_Card_of_Kaiser_W...

I believe James Brown at one time had business cards printed with "himself" as title.

"Biglietto da visita" in Italian, it was used also for accompanying a gift, most people used to have two sets, one, a proper "visit card" without anything but the title and the name (and the title was usually striken with a pen to show familiarity) and one more properly a "business card" with the postal address and (once available) phone number.

In Spanish too. "Tarjeta de visita".

Same in Russian - "vizitka".

In Italy we have "biglietti da visita" which literally translate, as you may guess, in "visiting cards."

In India they still call them visiting cards

Same goes for Danish - visitkort as in Swedish

Let me add Norwegian to the list as well, only with a double t in visitt (double because the vowel in front should have shorter pronunciation I think).