The argument that a court should be required in all circumstances is pretty silly.
In home murder? Assuming they got an emergency call or the cop happened to hear screaming, etc - yes, they should go in. Once folks are safe, however, everything else should require a warrant and paperwork should be filled out regardless for accountability reasons.
The whole point with the courts being involved is that even if it is after the incident, it brings a certain amount of accountability. We can change things so that different folks rotate the resopnsibility, include folks like prosecutors and public defenders and other private lawyers, and some things will basically be rubber-stamped (like investigating a fire or after they stopped the murder in progress).
In some cases, it is better to pass a law stating that a specific thing is allowed without a warrant, however, so that the courts don't have to get involved. A breathalyzer, for example, isn't invasive and good for public safety. Drawing blood should require a warrant and a trained professional in a clean environment, however. That could change if we have tests that are the equivalent of a finger prick for blood sugar as the risks are lower - we just aren't there yet.
Firefighters enter buildings for public safety, not to search for contraband or evidence.
> What about entering a home to stop an in-progress murder?
That is only allowed in rare exigent circumstances[1] that involve the imminent danger. While the plain view doctrine can apply in such a situation, exigent circumstances do not allow for searching in places that normally require a warrant.
> The argument that a court should be required in all circumstances is pretty silly.
Requiring a warrant in all circumstances where the government wants to search and/or seize evidence is a cornerstone of a free society. Warrants are a trivial barrier if there is a legitimate investigation with any evidence at all. The "probable cause" requirement is a very low barrier.
Some people complain that warrants are "rubber stamped" too easily, but getting the "stamp of approval" is the goal. It's easy to start skipping[3] simple requirements like "probable cause", so a warrant acts as a check and audit trail that at least some minimal procedure was followed.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exigent_circumstance
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_view_doctrine
[3] http://www.rapp.org/archives/2015/12/normalization-of-devian...
> Requiring a warrant in all circumstances where the government wants to search and/or seize evidence is a cornerstone of a free society. Warrants are a trivial barrier if there is a legitimate investigation with any evidence at all. The "probable cause" requirement is a very low barrier.
We just went over a variety of obvious exceptions to the warrant requirement. You can argue that these are exceptional cases to be sure, but it is certainly not true that a warrant is always required nor should it be (as the comment I was responding to said).
A very slightly less clear-cut example is BAC, as the parent commenter mentioned. It is completely impractical to get a warrant in DUI cases. It would either be a completely meaningless waste of everyone's time, or it'd literally be a rubber stamp, where a cop calls up and receives the warrant with zero interaction or consideration from the judge. And I don't know about you, but i'd rather not open the door to true rubber-stamping of warrants. Because once you start doing that, it's only a matter of time until they start doing it with things that aren't so trivial.