"Security by design" seems to imply "oh, this is just a game." Nope. If you now require all people to be part of an electronics security arms race, this is a problem.
It may well be that there should be a mechanism for the police to refer such a kid to others in e. security to enculturate him or get him a network to be part of.
Its more like walking past your neighbors house and finding the person who is supposed to be looking after it has left all the windows and doors open and a shopping list of things to steal pinned to the wall.
Then when your friend doesn't do anything about it.
Telling your other friends what an idiot he is.
The reason telling people they are insecure has been criminalised is the security agencies are the ones doing all the stealing.
So we've had three decades of systems security being cast as a dirty word only criminals care about.
Breaking into a computer system is like criticizing someone's ideas, not breaking into a house. Since anyone can trivially break into a house, we judge people by their intent, and thus authorities are trained to wonder "why was he doing that at all?" Whereas with computers malice is taken for granted and security has to be by design.
Most people understand that criticism does you a favor. Maybe we should explain that security systems are like public debates, and that successful hackers just happened to say something first.