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If you are curious: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expeditionary_Strike_Group https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_expeditionary_unit#The_...
It seems like in the longer term, it would be more efficient to take a shuttle to orbit, and then dock with at a space station to get on the interplanetary ship. Cruise ships and military ships use this method in places where docking is infeasible. It would be a much higher initial cost, however.
Six months on ship isn't so bad. Six months is the length of a WESTPAC, though you get to leave the ship periodically. I think the longest we went without docking was a month, and the guys in the submarines often go for even longer stretches.
Somebody could come up with something tomorrow. Maybe a bacteria that can populate the ocean, which precipitates carbon from CO2 in the air, and drops little pellets to the bottom. Probably not a real practical solution, or even a good idea, but it shows how things could rapidly change if the right tech comes along. They wouldn't need to get everyone together - just a petri dish thrown into the ocean.
We are still thinking of solving today's problems with today's technology, which I agree is futile to get everyone on the same page.
For the few entities with nuclear weapons, it's MAD. We would only play the card once, since it would be the final round of the game with that entity.
As far as nuclear bombs, we don't really seem to be using them much anymore. They are just trump cards in the mutual assured destruction game.
As a thought experiment, if every one has a replication device like in Star Trek or Drexler's universal assembler, how will the materials and energy to run such a device be distributed? Presumably we would allocate some to everyone, which would function as a basic income.
If we continue on the current path where resources are consolidated into the hands of the few, and these few have no need for the labor of the masses...
You basically connect 5 or 10 keys, such as Cherry MX, to an Arduino. The software on the computer creates a layer between the keyboard and the OS that lets you easily script what the key inputs do. It features a built in stenotype style dictionary for fast text expansion that works across applications. The chord combinations let you access millions of symbols, Lisp functions, or shell commands mnemonically. The finger patterns form a binary sign language that can be implemented almost anywhere through machine vision, keyboards, gloves with MEMS devices, or possibly even non-invasive neural connections. You can even learn the system without a keyboard.