Iirc, a transaction has some number of ongoing and outgoing things, and the part of the ingoing things which don't go to outgoing things goes to the miner of the block that includes the transaction.

The specifics of that might not be quite right.

But a transaction generally specifies some amount which goes to whoever mines a block which includes the transaction.

If one wants their transaction to be included in a block more quickly, one can include a higher transaction fee, so that miners have a greater incentive to include your transaction in a block compared to other transactions.

I am fairly sure that the above is basically correct, but not entirely sure.

I don't actually own and have not used bitcoin, I'm just interested in the space.