Sure you can do embedded development with the .NET micro framework because there are embedded systems that don't have hard real time requirements.
If you're building a hobby robot with netduino, you might not care if you have guarantees about input response time--as long as the delays are usually small enough. But if you move beyond that, you're most likely going to need a real time system.
http://www.atego.com/products/atego-perc-pico/
As a language I am not a fan of Go, but on the context of using strong type languages in embedded scenarios. I think the less C the better.
Just like JavaScript JITs, it is always a matter how much companies are willing to invest to improve the quality of the existing eco-systems.
So sure, if you want to use go syntax and build a completely new runtime designed for use in real time systems then go ahead.
As for strong typing in embedded scenarios Ada's been doing that for decades.
That seems like another variable to consider if you're in an environment where you have to somewhat control how much memory you use. But I don't know really know anything about the details of garbage collection, I just figured that that would be one of the trade-offs. So correct me if I'm wrong.
[1] Or whatever technique is used
Just because someone uses Node.js to build a hobby robot, doesn't mean that many people are using it for production embedded systems. If your systems has hard real time requirements, which many systems do (even many hobby robots), a stop the world garbage collector is out of the question.
Let's say you have a legged robot that depends on interpreting sensor feedback to keep from failing over. What happens to your balance when the garbage collector pauses your code for 10ms?