Airliners can't really explode, since they pull in oxidizer from the air rather than storing it on board. Since a fire will spread relatively slowly (relative to a rocket whose oxidizer and fuel decide to make friends all at once), the function of getting the squishy meat payload away from the fire can be accomplished through simpler means, in this case with inflatable slides and the squishy meat payload's own locomotive appendages.

That is to say, airliners do have an equivalent system in the form of their evacuation slides, it just looks quite different because airliners operate quite differently.