It's like "Resque" but with "Di" (as in distribute) instead of "Re"

I've assumed it's a phonetic play, and that it's pronounced "dis queue" as in "this queue."

That's close. It's meant to be more like dysfunctional queue.

From the README:

DIStributed QUEue but is also a joke with "dis" as negation (like in disorder) of the strict concept of queue, since Disque is not able to guarantee the strict ordering you expect from something called queue. And because of this tradeof it gains many other interesting things.