When used responsibly I can assure you it's more effective and has less side effects than caffeine IF you tolerate it well (not everyone can, just like not everyone can tolerate caffeine)
Generally speaking, conversations around using Adderall for productivity center more around the hyperactivity and unnatural engagement brought on by too-high dosing or acute use. Adderall is meant for long-term therapeutic use at reasonable doses, where the hyperactivity and super-focus aspects give way to tolerance and leave the user with just enough of a correction to offset their ADHD.
Abusers and non-ADHD users, on the other hand, tend to chase the initial euphoria and the hyperactivity that comes with sporadic, acute dosing and higher-than-normal dosages. Tolerance inevitably catches up to this manner of usage, and the downregulation of prolonged elevated dopamine and norepinephrine levels combined with compounded sleep debt inevitably catches up with them.
Out of curiosity, does a sporadic use still lead to tolerance?
On the other hand, those who abuse Adderall for the initial euphoric and energetic properties with sporadic dosing schemes are likely to experience unpleasant withdrawal as those effects disappear.
If you're taking amphetamine at such a rate that you would call it a "withdrawal", then you might want to consider the possibility that you were abusing amphetamine.
It's common to double-dose on the weekend whether for a productivity spree or recreation (they're usually one in the same) even if you haven't taken a pill in months. You just have to pay a day or two penalty and you're good to go.
The problem here is that Adderall isn't meant to be used in this manner, nor is it meant to provide the user with bursts of productivity or euphoria when dosed properly.
Proper usage, as in ADHD or sleep disorders, involves titrating the daily dose to a point at which the attention and/or wakefulness-promoting effects reach the appropriate therapeutic level over the long term. This process takes in to account the inevitable tolerance that comes with downregulation of the systems that are directly (norepinephrine, dopamine) and indirectly elevated by Adderall usage.
Casual users and abusers, on the other hand, are always chasing the initial rush of drug-induced euphoria and the associated productivity and mood boost that comes in the early phases of treatment. These effects are highly prone to tolerance and downregulation (as intended) and thus can't be maintained without constant dose escalation or taking frequent breaks to pay back the built-up tolerance. Neither situation is sustainable or healthy, which is precisely why Adderall should not be considered to be a substitute for the milder stimulants that people consume casually every day.
Beyond that, Adderall has some potential neurotoxicity issues due to the way it upsets dopamine sequestration in neurons (dopamine has neurotoxic metabolites and the systems that clean up these metabolites can be overwhelmed in certain Adderall dosing schemes). Coffee, on the other hand, is associated with a reduction of certain neurodegenerative diseases.
If that's your experience, then you need to take an extended-release capsule and halve your dose.
It's amphetamine. Its dose-to-efficacy graph is linear.
If you're losing a day of productivity on off-days, then you're simply taking too much on on-days.
There are also many other drugs (both plant and pure chemical) that may offer interesting and useful effects, but I don't think that any will "replace" coffee.
But, of course, there are a lot of other nice things about coffee like how it's engrained in our culture, socially acceptable, something to grab a cup of on a date, its aroma as you sit tired in an airport terminal, when all you want is a cheap narcotic buzz with minimal come-down, etc.
It's something you might believe until you actually try amphetamine.
Adderall is not the answer as these journalists like to claim though. It's useless for basically anything other than very rare usage and has difficult to manage loss of productivity during withdraw. It has an incredibly fast tolerance buildup. If your work requires steady output instead of rare bursts, it's questionable whether it even surpasses coffee because of these downsides.