If I were to throw a js one together, I would use these as a starting point:
[0]: http://web-apprentice-demo.craic.com/tutorials?tutorial=33&d...
As per my other comment - Audacity can do this. The representation is called a spectrogram.
Edit: Oh and here's a JavaScript one. Haven't tried it as I don't have a microphone. https://github.com/sebleier/spectrogram.js/tree/master
'Spek'[0] is a nice free, lightweight, open source & cross platform Spectrum Analyser.
[0] http://spek.cc/
I don't think it's really an equivalent tool.
As I understood, the main point is the real-time analysis of the microphone input. Spek seems to only analyze a « static » sound file (same for SoX and Audacity if I'm correct).
Even better: First person to make a javascript version wins!