What about the firefox built-in pdf reader or google docs?
Google Docs has the same behaviour for me as Evince on annoted-highlights: shows the highlight on the text, but doesn't show or provide anyway to view the associated annotation.
Edit: Remove IIRC - justed tested Google Docs again and that's the behaviour.
My Poppler is a bit out of date, though it's not clear to me whether more recent versions of Poppler support highlighted annotations fully:
https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=583377