This is by design. That type of incarceration leads to more recidivism. We have a for-profit prison industry that wields a lot of political clout. When those driving policy have a financial interest increasing the number of prisoners, policies like mandatory minimums, voting suppression, the war on drugs and the traumatizing experience that you observed look less like problems and more like conscious decisions designed to increase profits.
And calling it torture strikes me as ridiculously over the top. But then, I've come to think lately that the word torture isn't very useful at all. The only real use is to allow people to make inflammatory claims that compare some practice of the prison system to racks and thumbscrews. If you object to a specific practice, call out that practice explicitly. If it's actually unnecessarily bad, then no inflammatory rhetoric is required to get people to object. Suggest something more reasonable to accomplish the same goal instead. Making vague claims of torture makes me think that you're reaching in an attempt to make something sound worse than it is.
I guess if you want to go full 1980s movie, you could do something like Thunderdome in the first sort of facilities.
The emphasis on retribution over rehabilitation is a serious problem in modern society. Unfortunately the victims of an often over zealous justice system are granted a severely muted and underrepresented voice. The people most motivated to change the system are unable to do so. I'm glad that a forum like Prisontalk exists to give them some semblance of a voice. It seems like if this system is going to change, somebody else is going to have to step up to the plate and take charge of changing it. Hopefully the internet will help to disseminate stories like this to the public and motivate people to push for change in what is a seriously backwards prison system.
America should be ashamed.
Edit: I post a lot of unpopular opinions... I sure didn't expect this one to get downvoted!