The Android Spinner is an example: http://developer.android.com/design/building-blocks/spinners...
There is no alternative in iOS, but if you don't use it in your Android app you are missing out, because people on that platform expect it and know it.
What about Back buttons in iOS? You don't need them in Android. If you are developing a cross-platform UI without using these elements, you are probably compromising the UX of your app.
I am very interested in how those problems are solved. Will try and play around with it.
Say, for an app like Timely [1] which I'm a fan of, I would think the data models for timers and alarms are trivial, and the code for all the subtle animations is where all the meat is.
[1] https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.bitspin.tim...
Though -- they're of course tackling a problem that gets harder the deeper you get into it, and has already been tried a few times, never with really great success.
Java's AWT made a "lowest common denominator" kind of cross-platform UI back in the last 90s, and was fairly universally disliked (so Sun made Swing after that, which switched from "native components" to "over-engineered fake native components").
I hope the people building cross-platform UI for mobile devices now have studied the lessons to be learned from previous attempts -- mainly, I suspect, that getting something that kind-of works is exciting and fairly easy, but getting the detail right is grueling, thankless work, and ultimately impossible.
It might be wise for them to start with the hardest, least-cross-platform-appropriate bits, and see in advance what compromises those will force.