The importance of explicitly confronting prior knowledge and integrating it into learning is one of the basic principles of learning that came out of the "How People Learn" studies (http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=6160).
Yes. My second-grade teacher made sure her class knew this. A year or two later I learned that the earth is closer to the sun (at perihelion) when the SOUTHERN Hemisphere is having its summer, and the Northern Hemisphere is having its winter.
the net result is that the north gets milder winters and cooler summers
One of these statements appears to disagree with the other. If I remember correctly what I've read, the proportion of land rather than ocean in each hemisphere plays a major role in climate, as mentioned by the reply saying that the Northern Hemisphere has more variation in temperature.
http://www.sigchi.org/chi98/chikids/vol2/headlines/head2.htm...