As others have said already, your field matters a lot. If you try to publish in a "softer" field, say history or economics, politics and outer markers count for a lot. If you are in mathematics, there should be zero problem if you are good. Alternatively, if you are in a field where success can be measured concretely, say in engineering, you should also have less difficulties. Good luck, whether you go for PhD or not!
One of those effects is the intellectual sponsorship of people in legit academia, particularly professors whom you have an IRL relationship with and can recommend you to the editor. If not in school, I think this only works if you directly build on research conducted by contributors of the journal in question.
I would think in CS this would be easier, because professionalism is young in CS. I think it would be an order of magnitude more difficult in the humanities, where accreditation is far more entrenched.
I don't know if other unis do this, but I would expect that it's part of the contract with journal publishers. Note: they don't publicise these terminals - just ask.
You'll occasionally hear a PhD program being compared to an apprenticeship, and there's a lot of truth to that. Completing a PhD seems to be as much about learning how to orient yourself within scientific culture as it is about research or scholarship.