Wikipedia leads me to the belief that "omission" will "give rise to liability when the law imposes a duty to act". More specifically:
* "the omission is expressly made sufficient by the law defining the offense; or"
* "a duty to perform the omitted act is otherwise imposed by law (for example one must file a tax return)."
I don't know of any such law involving canaries.
Do you have a reference for "it's logically impossible to prove a negative"?
In Intuitionistic Logic, you cannot rely on ad absurdum proofs (no law of excluded middle). However, people usually believe in classical logic where proving that something is false is easy: we just need to prove it is not true.
Edit: Ultimately, legality turns on the statutory language of the provision in the Patriot Act that obligates businesses not to disclose (anyone know what it is?). The approach as originally proposed by by Steven Schear (http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cypherpunks-lne-archive/m...) was for the ISP to simply not answer a direct inquiry by a customer about whether or not a warrant has been served. The advantage of this approach is that it is far harder to provide evidence to the effect that not responding to the question in that context is a statement. The disadvantage is that a non-response might not provide certainty to the person who asked the question. Effectively, the more that a clear convention is formed around the "canary mechanism", the higher the risk that a court would hold conduct in association with the convention in breach of the statutory obligation not to disclose.