It's not at all difficult to create maintainable, reliable code bases in the aforementioned languages with hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of lines of code. Having a proper compiler or interpreter (and not just lint-style checkers) does help a great deal. Having a sensible language to begin with also helps.
When using JavaScript, the problems start arising much, much sooner. It just doesn't offer the language features necessary for anything much beyond short scripts. An undisciplined team using JavaScript will run into problems when approaching a mere thousand lines of code. Their software will be unmaintainable if it ever manages to get into the tens of thousands of lines.
Even teams of the best, most experienced and most disciplined JavaScript developers often start running into problems once into the tens of thsouands of lines of code. After having witnessed this on many projects, it becomes clear that using some other language is the best option, even if it's converted to or compiled down to JavaScript in the end.