I think my pedantic gripe here is that I don't see the people who are made offers they can't refuse by China and are Chinese citizens as "spies" as conventionally defined - they are generally not pretending to be anything other than Chinese business people, and business people passing info along or being asked to do things for/by government don't really make them "spies" IMO - at least not until they've changed citizenship or are working directly in something sensitive. Starting a business in another country to serve the interests of the home country with home country money is more akin to the British East India Company or something like that than being a secret agent as I see it.