The first papers on using GPUs to accelerate scientific tasks came out at the turn of the century. Initially it was molecular dynamics, which led Nvidia to release their first scientific-focused line, the Tesla.
Then in 2010 or so, someone realized you could train a neural network very fast on these things.
The reason they are the leader here goes all the way back to the 2000s when they released CUDA. Because of that, the neural network (and therefore AI) ecosystem went with them.
Nvidia released CUDA in 2006-2007, which made that discovery possible, but Nvidia wasn't targeting AI with CUDA. It was targeting general high-performance computing (physics simulations, molecular dynamics, medical imaging, etc.).
There's no doubt the company seized on the AI opportunity superbly but the suitability of its product for AI, and the AI boom, was absolutely a "happy accident".
its always been well known. its that line item of suspiciously high sales to singpapore. its never been a real concern.
Except it has been. There are people in multiple countries, including the US, Singapore and Taiwan, facing lengthy prison sentences for this. In the US in particular, violating export controls is a game you only play if you're looking for years of free federal accommodation.
Examples:
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-authorities-shut-down-majo...
https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndga/pr/chinese-national-and-tw...
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/california-man-arrested-smugg...
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2d9y18g73o
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/aug/25/taiwan-ch...
https://asiatimes.com/2026/11/taiwan-to-criminalize-nvidia-a...
Have you considered how many billions of dollars of Nvidia sales were through entities diverting chips to China?
While there's no doubt that this is not the majority of the company's revenue, it's also not an insignificant amount.
If you had to pin Nvidia's success on one thing, the honest answer would be "right technology, right time." Without AI...And the questions about how sustainable that market is are now being asked by the market.