I think "properly" is to go about it in a way that is fair to everyone. If you have a customer base who sees value in the service you are providing and the raise is within reason they should stick around. If it is a very disruptive price increase you can always grandfather customers in or give them a X-month run way.
>Also, how do you know if it would be better to increase the price and maybe get more per customer, or decrease and maybe get more customers? How do you test that?
Why not just A/B test your pricing structure? Unless your customers communicate in the same channels you have little risk in charging Customer A one price and Customer B a different price.
For actual shipped products things are much more difficult, if you price high and people buy but not enough people buy and you then lower the price "too soon", the early adopters will feel understandably pissed. See: Nintendo 3DS.
[1] http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/the-iphone-price-d...