According to the NOVA classification method, baking bread or churning butter is sufficient to turn a food into "processed".
Generally laypeople are fearful of "ultra-processed foods" which use industrial distillation, stabilization, additives from petrochemical derivatives, synthetic sugars, etc.
My complaint is that some of these "processing" techniques are likely orders of magnitude more harmful than others, so we shouldn't blindly treat them all as equal.
Which was something before the last century, you didn’t have to worry about because most people had to work like a horse to survive, and many people on the face of the planet still do.
There are two things allowing people to live longer lives today. Vaccines and antibiotics, both of which are critical towards any human being living past the age of 20, too bad, there are many people today in some of the Western countries that have forgotten what it was really like to live in a time when you could die from an infection before the age of 20, it only took two generations, maybe three, to forget that.
I remember the march of dimes and all those infectious diseases that took out a significant number of kids before they reached 10 years old, and if you did survive, many were either blind, disfigured or crippled many countries in the world are still going through that…
The biggest killer of humankind has always been some type of disease/pestilence or infection before the age of 20 causing death, disfigurement, or lameness and if it wasn’t that, it usually was at the hand of another human it wasn’t by eating animal fat or sugar particularly after the discovery of fire and cooking.
By the way, the screw worm fly is now in Arizona and New Mexico up from Texas hopefully the current administration has learned something from Covid the first time around, doubtful.
Corn syrup is used because it’s cheap. It isn’t used for taste. That’s secondary. Particularly in America…
I like Michael Pollan's advice from 200:
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Defense_of_Food
When shopping for food try to stick to the edges of the store and avoid the middle aisles with the 'shelf stable' products; look at ingredient lists and lean towards things that have (~)five or fewer listed; if there are a bunch of ingredients / chemicals with terms you cannot pronounce it's probably not that great.
The food industry in the US is pretty much messed up. We try to only buy fresh produce and fresh fish, staying away from processed food - but it is difficult. I read something about the composition of the modern Butter Finger candy bar (fake chocolate, lots is chemically processed seed oils) compared to the almost wholesome ingredients used 30 or 40 years ago.