I see no reason whatsoever to expect that humans have any kind of limit to what we can understand as a species. We've had more unthinkable and incomprehensible discoveries than anyone cares to count. They become understood, normalized, and folded into our scientific canon. We went from inventing airplanes to landing on the moon in a matter of decades. We went from banging rocks together to quantum physics and string theory. I think we'll be alright.
But there's no guarantee that such "low IQ" intermediate steps exist. We do well with many classes of problems because of divide-and-conquer. But not all problems can be solved through divide-and-conquer.
For a rough analogy, see how AI plays chess and intermediate board positions often don't make sense to us. Imagine now an enormous chess-like game played in an enormous chess board where a match lasts longer than a lifetime and none of the intermediate steps make sense to any human.
Demis Hassabis has talked about this a bit in regards to theoretical physics and it's an idea that I think I agree on. Every once in awhile we randomly get a super genius who's brain is seemingly able to conceptualise or visualise beyond the state of the art. But at some point I think we have to accept that we are just animals and inherently limited by our brains (and means of observing the physical world).
The scary part isn't that AI is solving the unsolved problems that will force people to act like students again. The scary part is that we may not be able to understand the work needed to get to the solution at all.
Obviously we're not quite to that level yet but it's entirely possible we do get there. And on the optimistic side ~ maybe that's what we need: better tools.