https://www.enverus.com/blog/the-queue-before-the-queue-gevs...
https://www.energyconnects.com/opinion/thought-leadership/20...
> For its part, China – a battery manufacturing powerhouse – has no such supply chain issues. It dominates global lithium battery production accounting for two-thirds of it. This relative strength gives it the confidence to relentlessly amplify its BESS footprint as evidenced in the capacity build-up between 2021 and 2026.
> In fact, China’s battery storage build-out has no global parallel thanks to this one factor alone, according to Ember. It estimates that nearly all (i.e.149.8 GW) of China’s “new energy storage” consists of lithium-ion batteries.
> In terms of the future, following a June update to its 15th Five-Year Plan, China is now aiming to deploy 300 GW of new energy storage by 2030. That would keep the country’s BESS industry progression, that outgrows all other countries combined, firmly on track.
(battery storage printer goes brrr)
Gas is far, far cheaper than building ~£1T worth of battery storage. Even if prices dropped, you are still looking at multi-hundred billions, and you still need the renewable capacity on top of that.
Arguably if we had spent the £100bns (in subsidy and transmission upgrade and curtailment costs) we've already spent on renewables on nuclear instead we would have a very clean grid, even at crazy UK nuclear build prices, and stable electricity prices.
But ok, 30 million homes, 100kWh storage each, that's 3000 GWh
A 100kWh battery is about £25k, less than 1/10th the cost of the house, and less than the average new car
That doesn't seem unrealistic.
Also you're forgetting residential electricity is maybe 1/3rd of total demand.
I believe there were 7-10 days in January 2025 where both solar and wind were in the single % digit for instance.
Don't get me wrong, I get where you're coming from! But especially in the last 2-3 years, it seems like people always evaluate solar under the worst 0.01% chance scenario, which other power sources never have to survive. For example, not even half the days in January 2025 had single-digit outputs, yet they're still called "close to 0".
What I'd love to know is e.g.: in 99% of years, what's the worst Dunkelflaute we can expect? How much battery storage/solar overbuilding would we need to cover that, how much would it cost, and how much will it cost in a few years (based on current development rates)? I'd argue it'd be okay to reduce power-hungry industry for at worst few days, in case a once-in-a-century year happens.
Also keep in mind the overbuilding a massive problem anyway _outside_ of those 1-2 weeks worst case scenarios. We already have highly negative prices occurring more and more, and IMO this is the definition of policy failure, because the negative prices only arise because subsidies _encourage_ plants to keep producing even though the value is quite literally negative of the output.
Finally I don't think it's once in a century, probably most years have a significant Dunkelflaute event. And not all industry can be shut down like that (eg aluminium production) without causing catastrophic damage, and even if they can it makes them an unreliable supplier.
Over this summer, a huge number of nuclear plants in Europe went down all at the same time, because they either would have killed the nearby river ecosystem by overheating it, or because they didn't have enough water to operate safely. This issue is only going to get worse as climate change progresses, and unlike most Dunkelflauten, the heat & drought really affect most of the continent at once.
> Also keep in mind the overbuilding a massive problem anyway _outside_ of those 1-2 weeks worst case scenarios.
It's only a problem because power generation tech like nuclear is so expensive, and it would become even more expensive if they couldn't run as much as possible. If we had a fully renewable+battery-driven grid, the issue would disappear.
> Finally I don't think it's once in a century, probably most years have a significant Dunkelflaute event.
I think you might unknowingly be ideologically motivated, because I specified that we should build enough to cover every Dunkelflaute in 99% of years. The amount of battery storage in this scenario by definition suffices for 99% of years, which makes the point about unreliability moot.
That's not outlandish given the cost of distributed batteries.
Are you upping that model?
(If you build more generation -- for example have renewable peak generation of 80GW rather than 40GW, that reduces storage requirements drastically, as on a dull quiet winter week where you're only getting 10%, you'd be generating 8GWh in a given period of time, instead of 4GWh)
The cost of those last few percent is absolutely eye watering. The current plan to get it to 100% net zero is by having gas for the final 5% then using carbon capture and storage to offset the emissions.
Or indeed when petrol runs out as happens occasionally (in 2022 most recently). Of course there's also the problem of gas supplies stopping
[Gas is about 11-13x cheaper than renewables with externalities like grid restructure and volatility imputed.](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4028640) That’s not to say renewables don’t have their place in modern grids. In fact an optimal allocation is around 80% renewable in the UK. However, until battery storage becomes about 95% cheaper, it would be ASTRONOMICALLY expensive to make the grid 100% renewable. Trillions of pounds in the UK. An order of magnitude more expensive than just paying higher gas prices.
People often make the mistake of thinking that because wind and sun is free, the cost of energy generation is basically free. Those people don’t understand how many fixed and marginal costs there are. If you’re interested, the paper above provides good insights into those costs.
Gas is not cheap, it basically doubles your costs.