2 is “fine”, or that’s just the status quo. The friction from copying over stuff from a tiny phone screen discretely is the cost to cheat as well

I don’t know about 1s practicality. In my schooling it would always be doable but I have the impression US schools are a different scale

Jfc, this is a solved problem at the community college near me. All of the computers in the testing room are thin clients that effectively remote into a vm, and you get checked with a metal detector before going into the room with the computers.

If you can escape the vm on the fly and manage to use an llm to cheat, you deserve that A.

I graduated from a not so incredible university and we had multiple such rooms. Teaching assistants and some tutors helped supervising the exams and it wasn't easy to cheat without getting caught.

>How practical is this?

This is basically how ICPC works (https://icpc.global/)

Contestant computers boot a Linux image that contains all the interpreters/compilers and documentation for the supported languages, some editors/IDEs(vim, Jetbrains, Eclipse, etc) and a web browser.

Network access is limited to the judging system only.

My experience in Europe is that most universities can support this.