If you're interested in theory, I would point to iTunes U; I've been impressed with what I've seen of the courses there. I personally can't recommend any books (that's not really my learning style; I'm much more hands-on).

For the mechanics of programming, there's nothing better than just writing code. The Python docs are a great source of information, as are sites like Stack Overflow; search engines will be your friend if you get stuck. Open source code can be a good reference, as mentioned below, for seeing approaches to a specific problem (or implementations of a specific algorithm), but pouring through reams of others' code probably isn't the best use of time.

Overall, you sound like you're off to a good start. I'm a senior in high school, but, a year into my learning, I wasn't nearly as far along as you.