Quilt was AFAIK used before Git, so you’re not wrong. But now that it’s there, it has some advantages.
I’m not arguing against replacing Quilt, but it should be more than just Git. I haven’t done Debian packaging in a long time but apparently there are some Git-based tools now?
I rather suspect that "commit messages on changes to patches" is what Debian ended up with and back-justifies it.
Of course, I am not a Debian maintainer, so it's entirely possible I'm just missing the experience of it that would make me want "commit messages on changes to patches".