I don't think the Jūminhyō system is similar to the Chinese one. You basically just need to have a utility bill or something with your name and address on it, and register it with your local ward office or city hall. There is no concept of being refused it unless you aren't a legal Japanese resident as far as I can tell?

I misunderstood the name. I think I mean: Japan’s Furusato Nōzei.

This system creates weird incentive schemes where rural areas offer 'benefits' to city folk.

It's a fully voluntary program and the annual 'benefit' is usually something like a box of local produce or a reduced fee ryoukan stay, it's hardly something that affects urban quality of life.

Regarding the Japanese system, there are no restrictions on moving residence. Resident registration (Jūminhyō) can be done anywhere. Therefore, if you move to a new place of residence, it is common and recommended to register accordingly. I don't know the details, but I think the system in China is probably completely different.

住民票 (Jūminhyō) is just a certificate of residence - there's no population management aspect to it unlike China's Hukou.

Curious, what does that have to with the article?