The CIA, probably.

Cracking Enigma was a big deal in WW2. Germany got hurt real bad.

That wasn't in the list above. We were talking primarily about consumer/market protections.

Rubyfan mentioned nuclear technology, which like cryptography, has a broad scope and military applications so isn’t something that was just left to the market to decide the best fit.

I don’t think I’ve left the scope of this discussion.

I was more talking about the consumer radiation side. Radium water to drink, women licking and painting radium watch dials. Toy physics kits for kids with uranium in it. Uranium glass also isn't great.

I mean the radium fad just by itself was pretty crazy, people used radium suppositories and radium makeup.

Ah I see. Thats definitely a case of regulations written in blood. I do think it strengthens the argument that we shouldn’t wait for wide spread adoption to cause problems, but rather study the issue and limit exposure until safety is at last vaguely known.

With AI, I don’t think there will be a lot of needed regulation until it gets to AI controlling physical machines like self driving cars. But in that respect, we already began regulating before problems appeared.