Doolang aims for memory safety with static typing and automatic reference counting, so you won't see classic C/C++ bugs. But it does not claim Rust's level of safety there’s no formal guarantee that safe code can't cause undefined behavior. It's quite safe in practice, just not as strict as Rust.

For complex types (strings, arrays, maps), values are reference-counted and passed by reference. If you pass such a value to a function, you're sharing the same object—mutations affect the original. For primitives (Int, Bool), it's pass-by-value (copy).

So, what if I want to pass a value of a primitive type by-reference? How the equivalent code for the following C++ example looks like?

  void Foo( int& x )
  {
      x= 123;
  }
  
  void Bar()
  {
      int x= 0;
      Foo(x);
  }

Doolang currently does not allow you to mutate a primitive variable from another function.

Only support this as of now

fn Foo(x: Int) { x = 123; // Only modifies Foo's local copy print("inside Foo", x); // Print 123 } fn main() { let x: Int = 0; Foo(x); // x is still 0 here after Foo returns print("out x", x); // Print 0 }

But your points make sense, i should learn those UB works and will check how its behaving