>Would tapes not be an option?

AFAIK someone on reddit did the math and the break-even for tapes is between 50TB to 100TB. Any less and it's cheaper to get a bunch of hard drives.

Unless you're basically a serious data hoarder or otherwise have unusual storage requirements, an 18TB drive (or maybe 2) get you a lot of the way to handling most normal home requirements.

Personally, I buy the drives with the best $/storage ratio. Right now that seems to be ~3-6TB drives. Many PC enclosures and motherboards can fit 8-12 drives, fill it up with the cheapest stuff you're willing to spend money on. It will probably break even or be cheaper than the larger drives.

It depends on the use case. As with CPUs, I tend not to buy the top-end but it may make sense to just buy for expansion over time. I think my RAID-1 Synology drives are 8TB. But mostly just use external enclosures these days anyway. Pretty much don't build PCs any longer.

Tapes would be great for backups - but the tape drive market's all "enterprise-y", and the pricing reflects that. There really isn't any affordable retail consumer option (which is surprising as there definitely is a market for it).

I looked at tape a little while ago and decided it wasn't gonna work out for me reliability-wise at home without a more controlled environment (especially humidity).

I don't know why you were downvoted, I think for the right purpose tape drives are great.

Used drives from a few generations back work just fine, and are affordable. I have an LTO-5 drive, and new tapes are around $30 where I am. One tape holds 1,5TB uncompressed.

I think they are great for critical data. I have documents and photos on them.

Is there not a problem where companies stop manufacturing the tape media because it is obsolete?

I'm not 100% up to speed with the current standing of things, but tapes (specifically the LTO technology) is still being relied on very heavily by the enterprise, both in data centers for things like cold storage or critical backups, and other corporate uses. Archival use is also very strong with libraries and other such institutions having large tape libraries with autoloaders and all that automation jazz. The LTO-5 generation I mentioned was released in 2010, and the first LTO generation was released in 2000 I believe. The current generation is LTO-10, with an uncompressed capacity of 30TB. New LTO tapes are still being produced, the last batch I purchased was made in 2023.

The LTO consortium consists of HP, IBM and one other company I believe. Now, in my opinion, none of this guarantees the longevity of the medium any more than any other medium, but when I initially looked into it, this was enough to convince me to buy a drive and a couple of tapes.

My reasoning was that with the advertised longevity of 30 years under "ideal archival conditions", if I can get 10 years of mileage from tapes that are just sitting on my non-environmentally-controlled shelf, that means I'll only have to hunt down new tapes 3 times in my remaining lifetime, and after that it will be someone else's problem.