Notably China is a big country and Canada is a small country. If there is some innovation that is going to improve productivity globally by %X the amount of benefit that goes to China is always going to be bigger than the benefit that goes to Canada.

China are certainly better at turning the results of research into products, whether that research was them or anyone else.

The canonical example here is 5G. Once again the US science establishment had the guy, he ends up doing the breakthroughs for polar coding, they failed to appreciate him, he left and ended up being funded by Huawei.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdal_Ar%C4%B1kan

The US science establishment isn't broken as an innovation engine because of Trump - it's because they're clearly rewarding the wrong things.

What isn't so clear is if Chinese science is creating Chinese startups. It may yet happen.

Eh, China is better at directing massive state level resources at incrementally improving technology. Nothing truly revolutionary has come out of China. The West is still ahead in that sort of stuff.

It seems to me that incremental improvements undervalued in the West instead lots of efforts spend on chasing revolutions (which don’t happen often) and China capitalised on this.

> The West is still ahead in that sort of stuff.

Such as?

SpaceX, Self driving cars, and LLMs/AI