I need 16GB of RAM in order to work with development data sets, and the old Thinkpad chipset can't take more than 4GB. Heck my brand new one is limited to 32GB, so that is probably what will cause my next upgrade. (I'll omit my rant about laptop screens getting worse.)
Starting up Outlook takes 10 full seconds (just the splash screen consumes half of that time). When I open up a web browser or click a link in an email, it takes about 5 seconds to fully load. Even distilling a file to pdf or loading Facebook takes almost 5 seconds.
I don't think it's an issue of my computer being particularly slow. Everyone at work with their quad core processors and 6gb of ram seem to just sit and wait without noticing. Have you ever been in someone's office while they search for an email? It takes minutes! And don't even try doing any work while Adobe is trying to update or the Antivirus scanner is running...
I spend so much time waiting for a computer. Waiting for IDEs to redraw, waiting for my computer to let me disconnect my usb drive, waiting for splash screens. What is going on?
AES-NI is the big one. Improvements to VT-x and VT-d for virtualization performance and security are other big ones.
Pure CPU clock hasn't been increasing, and number of cores isn't useful for many tasks due to difficulty programming, but CPU features are still a big deal. FMA with Haswell is going to be a big deal too.
What is more interesting is smaller hardware. Mini-ITX systems, The RaspberryPi, and ATMEL/Arduino systems. Writing C code for a 16k ATMEL is a great way to appreciate the hardware in an 'older' PC.