But fundamentally solar cell production was (is?) pretty dirty and US environmental regulations were always going to be a stumbling block. One used to be able to spot Chinese solar factories on satellite maps by looking upstream from deadzones, but apparently that has been enough of an embarrassment that even the CCP has started cracking down.
Basically DOE funded research pretty successfully but it only takes one failure for the loud voices to win
Same program funded Tesla as I recall
Example source: https://www.reuters.com/article/world/us/exclusive-controver...
There's nothing "fundamentally" dirty about it. It's not like fossil fuel combustion that inevitably produces a large stream of waste (CO2).
This is why the U.S. was able to impose punitive tariffs on Chinese solar without WTO interference.
The whole plan could have been snookered by the US similarly subsidizing their solar production 10 or 20 years into the chinese plan. Which would have put most of the cost onto China while we reaped the benefits of cheap power production.