Note that this is already industry-standard for non-destructive testing of metal, concrete and composites. Handheld ultrasonic tomography devices are commercially available and could plausibly be used on cheese with only minor modification.
https://acs-international.com/instruments/ultrasonic-pulse-e...
> A study on structural quality control of Swiss‐type cheese with ultrasound is presented. We used a longitudinal mode pulse‐echo setup using 1–2MHz ultrasonic frequencies to detect cheese‐eyes and ripening induced cracks. Results show that the ultrasonic method posses good potential to monitor the cheese structure during the ripening process. Preliminary results indicate that maturation stage could be monitored with ultrasonic velocity measurements.
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article-abstract/894/1/1328/953...