We don't have a network quite like the Shinkansen or the Chinese one, but you've linked an enormous article with dozens of high-speed lines and suggested that it's "very uncommon" for speeds beyond 240km/h (which seems pretty arbitrary speed). That's pretty misleading IMO, and anyone who would scan through it or who took a glance at https://openrailwaymap.org with the "Max Speeds" style will see a lot of the major metros in the biggest countries are connected with high-speed rail.

Rail is undoubtedly vital for the future and we should always be pushing for more, but I think it's ok to step back and appreciate that high-speed rail (and rail in general) in the EU is so much further ahead than the USA, even if it does still lag behind Japan and China.