> No, the quotes are not seen by the program. The program receives a list of strings, it does not get the information about whether and how those strings were originally quoted in the shell.

With quotes the program will receive a single argument -n␣o␣p␣e instead of multiple ones -n, o, p, e. At least it works on the machine here:

    ]$ echo "-n o p e"
    -n o p e
    
    ]$ /bin/echo "-n o p e"
    -n o p e

Yes, I think there was some misremembering here. The nontrivial thing is to print out -n itself with echo. For example, echo doesn't treat "--" specially, so "echo -- -n" prints "-- -n".

Note that this is true for POSIX sytems but not e.g. for Windows. There the program receives the command-line as-is and is responsible for parsing it into an array. There are two different standard functions to do this parsing for you (with slightly different quoting behavior) but you could also create your own that requires options to not be quoted.