El Salvador can't issue fiat. They use US dollars. Only the US Federal Reserve can issue USD.

They could. Ecuador does in fact mint its own US-dollar coins, and El Salvador could dedollarize.

Ecuador mints their own centavo coins, but they are not legal tender outside of Ecuador. They've never released their own $1 coin into general circulation – their ubiquitous Sacagawea dollars are minted in the US.

Sorry, I didn't mean to say they minted US$1 coins, just coins whose value is denominated in dollars. I think the biggest one is US$0.25?

US dollars are also not legal tender outside the US, with a few exceptions (I think including both El Salvador and Ecuador.)

El Salvador doesn't have a fiat currency. They are dollarized since 2001.

Hmm.. I didn't know that. Which makes the demand purely political then. I recall IMF making the same demand from an island country a few years ago too.

https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2021/07/26/blog-crypto...

The IMF feels bitcoin is a risky asset and doesn’t want to be a part of that gamble when making its loan. The IMF has a history of making lots of conditions they feel minimize risk.

To me it looks more like my bank mandating I carry certain kinds of insurance in the terms of my mortgage than a political bias, but I am not an expert.

"urged officials to limit its exposure" is what the Reuters article said, so yeah. They think El Salvador's ability to repay the loan is tied too much to BTC.

El Salvador hasn't issued fiat since 2001. Any other presumptions as to why its a fair demand?

That's not really how that works. IMF can demand their loan be repaid in whatever currency they want. Its totally normal for international loans to be denominated in a currency other than the recipient's legal tender, particularly for high risk countries (although that is usually bad for the recipient)

In particular El Salvador doesn't even have its own legal tender and haven't for a long time. They use the US dollar.

They don't want Bitcoin in exchange. Seems entirely reasonable to me given how much the value of cryptocurrency fluctuates with low predictability. They could get paid in it one day and lose half the value the next.

This is why otc tradfi crypto futures are needed. You can buy a train car full of corn a year out trivially on a liquid futures market, regardless if corn prices fluctuate wildly you will pay what was agreed. Listing BTC derivatives would solve the predictability for fixed loan terms.

Fiat currencies also can and have lost half their value plenty of times.

Actually I can't think of any fiat currency that hasn't at least halved in value?

Usually over a long time. They are a lot less volatile than Bitcoin.

You can also offset the risks of sudden devaluation through matching assets and liabilities, trading derivatives and so on.

The IMF will definitely not accept repayment in El Salvador's own fiat currency! That would be obviously stupid of them.

Especially since it doesn't have one.

It could certainly create one. It has in the past.