> Most applications can get by with file-level atomicity--make whole file read/writes atomic with a copy-on-write model, and you can eliminate whole classes of filesystem bugs pretty quickly.

    int fd = open(".config", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_SYNC_ON_CLOSE, 0o666);

    // effects of calls to write(2)/etc. are invisible through any other file description
    // until the close(2) is called on all descriptors to this file description.

    close(fd);

So now you can watch for e.g. either IN_MODIFY or IN_CLOSE_WRITE (and you don't need to balance it with IN_OPEN), it doesn't matter, you'll never see partial updates... would be nice!