I shouldn't have to link to the cable given that I said "Athena Power" and "Newegg", but sure, here you go. [0] Their Newegg store is here. [1] (They also sell that cable in different lengths.)

The "away from motherboard expansion card slots feature" isn't particularly uncommon on cases. One case that came up with a quick look around is the Phanteks Enthoo Pro 2. [2] I've seen other case manufacturers include this feature, but couldn't be arsed to spend more than a couple of minutes looking around to find more than one example to link to.

Also, there are a few smaller companies out there that make adapters [3] that will screw into a 140mm fan mounting hole and serve as an "away from motherboard" mounting bracket. You would need to remove any grilles from the mounting hole to make use of this for a graphics card.

[0] https://www.newegg.com/athena-power-8-extension-cable-black/...

[1] https://www.newegg.com/Athena-Power/BrandStore/ID-1849

[2] https://phanteks.com/product/enthoo-pro-2-tg

[3] Really, they're usually just machined metal rectangular donuts... calling them "adapters" makes them sound fancier than they are.