Direct cash injection is frequently the worst way to do this, so I don't think that failure is particularly indicative of a complete inability to achieve onshoring of manufacturing.

Tariffs certainly seem superior to me, especially if paired with tax cuts in other areas.

> Tariffs certainly seem superior

tariffs seems a roundabout way to try achieve something.

Why not directly invest in making manufacturing, if the US gov't wants that specific result? The US is deeply afraid of the idea of state owned companies, coz the past red scare have put off the idea.

Of course, private industry will cry foul - that they cannot compete on the wages that would've been needed to attract the workers, etc.