TBH I can't remember what I was looking up when I first read about that (I feel like it was metals, glass, or cellulose again), but https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2104610118 seems pertinent:

> In general, mechanical interactions of microparticles and nanoparticles on biological membranes are vaguely studied, despite their importance for biological systems (29, 41). Hereby, we will demonstrate that these microplastics induce a mechanical stress of model cell membrane without the need of indirect assumptions about biological pathways (26, 27).