As mentioned by others, the article does not really tackle the question. But it is an interesting question, and I think it would be great to have a language that you could adjust the safety without major rewrites. I.e. various degrees of strict modes. At the times of LLMs, I wonder if anyone looked into some sort of sliding-scale transformation of code from safer, to easier to write. (although I am not sure there are good languages that are expressive enough for that).