They do have a particularly high life expectancy.

https://data.who.int/countries/392

And don't have the obesity problem we have

This is a lagging indicator though, right? I wonder how the diets of Japanese people ~50 years ago compare to the Americans of today.

Japan isn't special IMHO, but overweight rate is on the low side.

Now, trying to understand why is can of worm (social pressure and bullying probably plays a role for instance, which have other adverse effects possibly worse than just being overweight)

I went to Japan recently and one of the most striking things to me was how easy it was to walk to places. Their infrastructure astounded me because it was set up with people in mind and not car companies.

My understanding (albeit only gathered from blogs/YouTube videos/Google Maps) is that the biggest difference is parking. On-street parking is mostly not allowed, free parking at businesses is mostly limited to car-centric ones like mechanics and dealerships, and you can't register a car without proving that you have a place to park it. Tens of millions of Japanese people living in less-dense areas have no problem with that, but in Tokyo it's prohibitively expensive for the average person due to land cost. This means that even in suburban areas, roads are narrower and everything is closer together.

When I worked in Japan for a year and lived in the company subsidized dormitory, a coworker half-joked that it cost more to house his car in a payed parking spot than it did to house himself in the dorm.

When my grandfather passed away the deed for his Manhattan parking spot was far more valueable than the five bedroom home I grew up in.

I think this can be seen in cities with walking-to-work culture (often metro/underground).

Although I've wondered if cause is enforced exercise or just selection (people that move to a large city to work have a demographic).

I wouldn’t be surprised if keeping moving contributed more to not dying than diet specifics.

Good health outcomes compared to other first world countries?

Possibly nothing. Was just recently able to observe it directly.

Much lower rate of obesity. Like 5% instead of 40% (US).