> but until a person’s salary exceeds the value they bring to a firm, there will be other firms willing to pay more and attract that talent

This is false. Supply and demand is a factor. I could clean the toilets at the office, if janitors were in short supply my boss might setup a rotation schedule - nobody wants to but it must be done and so he would pay me. However because janitors are cheaper than me he doesn't. This isn't just theoretical - McDonald's mostly has the crew clean the floors - janitors make more money than McDonalds crew.

I don't see the contradiction. Janitorial duties are at the very worst easy to train any person off the street for. As long as people need any sort of minimum wage to survive you can find a janitor.

But that also means that, because minimum wage, your salary will almost never exceed the value brought to that business. Outside of some super crazy regulations of cleanliness.

Not necessarily true. You either pay the margin for a contractor, or pay the janitor more in-house.

Janitor is a messy and low prestige job. As such some will choose a lower paying job if they get the option and the pay isn't too much worse

There’s a “marriage problem” element not covered here. The marginal value of an employee is higher if the team they join is small. Eventually, the team reaches a size where more employees add little value. Most people understand this. However, it follows that the marginal productivity theory of wages gets more complicated. They might not be willing to pay you the full value they get from your work, for example, because they might suspect a replacement (e.g., keeping team size constant) would likely produce higher value. Or, they might pay you much closer to the full value of your work than others because they fear a replacement would likely bring lower value.

"provides upward pressure on wages" is true, but you simply can't get from there to actually demonstrating the "marginal producivity theory of wages".

It is pretty clear that the employment market suffers from severe inefficiency and information asymmetry. It takes a pretty bad economist to look at a market like that and think that its pricing is accurate.

Employees often don't know how much value they bring and thus are severly limited as counter party and other companies have a hard time predicting how much value you'll be able to add for the. These (plus many other factors) mean that you should expect significant mismatches between pay and performance.

Edit: None of this is evidence against performance being a paretor distribution (which makes sense to me), but we're gonna need more than just pay data to determine that.

> there will be other firms willing to pay more and attract that talent.

...marginally more. Still nowhere near the actual value their labor brings in. We simply don't have a competitive enough employer market to provide the upward wage pressure that would be sufficient to pay people fairly.

The actual value is complex. The only reason an engineer’s presence at the company generates $X in revenue is because the company already has sales, marketing, finance, legal, and all the other necessary functions covered. On their own, that engineer’s output is worth less. So a light switch test does not tell the whole story. The surplus from the combined output is deserved by everyone whose input is required for those $X, not just the engineer.

In different terms, maybe you leaving costs the company $X. But if product engineer Joe Bob left first, maybe you leaving suddenly only costs the company $Y, where $X > $Y. Are you really worth $X?

If you think you're not getting paid enough you should quit and start your own company. The fact that google/apple/amazon make 5-10x per employee is not proof that you're underpaid. The chef at French Laundry makes $$$$$$$, does that mean the apple farmer who supplied the apples for $ is underpaid?

> If you think you're not getting paid enough you should quit and start your own company.

I'd rather eat a bullet, thanks. I have dignity and I'd like to keep it.

> The fact that google/apple/amazon make 5-10x per employee is not proof that you're underpaid.

That's exactly what it means.

> The chef at French Laundry makes $$$$$$$, does that mean the apple farmer who supplied the apples for $ is underpaid?

The chef is paid for their labor. Shareholders contribute nothing to society.

>I have dignity and I'd like to keep it.

it's not about dignity, it's about history. That's why those FAANGs offered crazy salaries before tapering off some 5 years ago.

The last thing they wanted was for the true 10x'ers to become tomorrow's competition, or for others to work for such 10x'ers. Because if such an engineer could make a 10m/yr business vs being hired for 100k, many would take that business opportunity.

>Shareholders contribute nothing to society.

they contribute money, and that's all that matters. quality, long term profitability, and worker dignity be damned.

The original shareholders created the company. Without them there wouldn't be jobs.

The newer shareholders provided liquidity to the original shareholders. Their benefit to society was helping to incentivize the people who created the company (and all the jobs) by making them rich.

> The original shareholders created the company. Without them there wouldn't be jobs.

For a nation with so many smart people we sure pretend to be dumb.

What do you mean exactly? Literally every job that exists in the private sector is created by a company, and companies are created by shareholders.

Can you not see how there's a massive barrier to doing that? That's exactly why there's not enough of a competitive labor market. And at that point, they're not doing their job anymore: they're doing the CEO's.

>Can you not see how there's a massive barrier to doing that

yeah, business is hard. FAANG paying a very cushy salary is relatively easier. The ambitious would still consider such a choice tho, and those are the ones they want to keep in their own company instead of as a future competitor. They literally paid off a competitive labor market.

Two problems with this are 1. It is very difficult for outside employers to tell is someone is a high performer, and 2. Economists also teach to always think on the margins. A employees value isnt the amount you bring in more than if they didnt exist, it's the amount they bring in over a replacement. If people are willing to replace you for $5/hr even if you make the company $100/hr you wont get anywhere near that amount.